Competiveness and Performance Effectiveness for Health...

Competiveness and Performance Effectiveness for Health Care IT System ShaVette Howard Instructor Name: Ilisher (Lisa) Ford Health Information Systems November 29, 2014 Competiveness and Performance Effectiveness for Health Care IT Systems Introduction With the rapid growth in technology, many healthcare organizations have embraced the use of healthcare information technologies. As such, the information technology department has various staffs that perform fundamental roles in the information technology-related activities. It ranges from activities of customizing a software to implementing and maintaining a network to ensure effective system backups. In addition, these healthcare information technologies bring about other†¦show more content†¦Other healthcare organizations have integrated the design of healthcare technologies within the organization. For such organizations, the CIO takes part in the analysis and assessments of the proposed healthcare information technology (HIT) applications. The CIO further manages the development, design and implementation of the HITs. In addition, healthcare organizations are rapidly acquiring HITs. Therefore, there is an increasing need to train the healthcare staff to ensure they can use the systems. The CIO, therefore, plans and supervises the development of training methods for the management and technical staff on the use and possible maintenance of the HITs (Tan, Payton, amp; Tan, 2010). Chief Technology Officer In most of the healthcare organizations, there is a position for the chief technology officer (CTO). The CTO leads the information technology architecture, including the strategies in health care organizations. Importantly, the CIO has a higher rank than the CTO. As such, when there are any IT-related initiatives and recommendations, the CTO reports them directly to the Senior Vice President and the Chief Information Officer. Because healthcare organizations are rapidly acquiring and implementing HITs in their organizations, the need to make clear the vision of the organization, in that context, is imperative. Therefore, the CTO comes in, develops and articulate the technology vision ofShow MoreRelatedCompetiveness And Performance Effectiveness For Health Care It Systems1126 Words   |  5 PagesCompetiveness and Performance Effectiveness for Health Care IT Systems According to Balgrosky, the CEO and other senior management team members can engage in meaningful ways with others in the organization regarding HIS plans and implementations. The CEO– CIO working partnership is key to the success of HIS and technology investments, plans, and implementations, all of which are significant to the future of the organization, as well as key to its ability to perform efficiently and effectively fromRead MoreDeveloping And Leading Teams Of A Complex Healthcare System1106 Words   |  5 Pagescomplex healthcare system, and the characteristics the leader must demonstrate in order to make a difference. I will reflect upon my own skills as a leader, where I am, and what improvements I need to make to move my staff forward in the direction healthcare is going. Building an effective team requires all members to have a shared purpose where they understand, believe in and work towards a common Goal (Craig McKeown, 2015). With the implementation of the Affordable Care Act and theirRead MoreCourse Summary: Human Resource Management: Gaining a Competitive Advantage2306 Words   |  10 PagesHuman Resource Management Chapters 1,2,4,5,6,16 Chapter 1: Gaining a Competitive Advantage * Competiveness ability to maintain share in industry (related to effectiveness) * Human Resource Management policies, practices, systems that influence employees’ behaviour, attitude and performance analysing and design of work, planning, recruiting, selection, training, compensation, performance management, employee relations * HRM practices should be strategic * HR has 3 product linesRead MoreHow The Strategic Application Of Hr Practices Improves Corporate Success5708 Words   |  23 Pagesfit the company culture. They care about culture so they are selective (Rohman, 2015). They are welcoming throughout the recruitment process and integrate employees into the culture from Day One. They are inspiring because they help employees feel connected to their work which creates purpose which breeds loyalty (Rohman, 2015). They show appreciation on a continual basis for the work their employees are doing. They are developing their talent constantly. They care about their employees and fosterRead MoreOperations Management in Business4031 Words   |  17 Pagesmanagement and strategic planning.....................7 LO1.4 Produce a systems diagram to illustrate a typical business..........................................8 LO 2 LO2.1 Explain the ‘Three Es’ (economy, efficiency and effectiveness).................................10 LO2.2 Explain the tension between cost minimisation and quality maximisation..................11 LO2.3 Evaluate the significance of the five performance objectives that underpin operations management..........................Read MoreStrategic Management Essay2525 Words   |  11 Pagessuccess in any industry. As a leading global provider of cosmetics, personal care and related products, we at Avon continue to strengthen our commitment to such critical areas as economic empowerment, environmental stewardship and product responsibility as we work to create a brighter tomorrow. Major Brands and Product Lines Avons support of women encompasses all aspects of personal care, including beauty, wellness, health and fitness, as well as economic empowerment and financial independence.Read MoreRoadmap to Csr Sustainability in Healthcare16191 Words   |  65 Pages  HOSPITALS?    SECTION   2:   CSR   ELEMENTS:   TERMINOLOGY      IMPLICATIONS    7.    SUSTAINABILITY    8.    TRIPLE   BOTTOM   LINE    9.    GOVERNANCE   SYSTEM    10.    CAUSE   MARKETING    11.    TRANSPARENCY    12.    CARBON   FOOTPRINT    13.    ENVIRONMENT,   HEALTH   AND   SAFETY   (EHS)    14.    CORRUPTION    15.    RISK   MANAGEMENT    16.    WASTE   MANAGEMENT    17.    SUPPLY   CHAIN   MANAGEMENT   (SCM) Read MoreStrategic Leadership And Management Strategies3565 Words   |  15 PagesIntroduction Within recent business world , strategic leadership and management has become highly influential factors by which the organisations are reaching their goals more easily and thereby competiveness is increasing between companies and businesses. As a result , it is become essential for organisations, to adopt the right leadership and management strategies. This study will thereby will focus on the following issues asked in the following questions, and thereby will advance on the next sectionsRead MoreCase: Chester Wayne Essay18738 Words   |  75 PagesCONTENTS 1 Report Scope 3 Leadership Message 6 Company Profile 10 Goals 12 Performance Data 14 Compliance 15 Sustainability Framework 21 Governance 26 Innovation 31 Stewardship 41 Engagement 50 External Recognition 51 About the Photographs SCOPE OF REPORT SCOPE OF REPORT Kodak is pleased to present our fifth annual Global Sustainability Report, as well as our 21st public report to include health, safety and environmental performance. 1 Issues Covered /Trends Kodak is continually evaluating ourRead MoreCase Study for Avon8396 Words   |  34 Pages1990 to preserve Avon’s independence from a series if takeover attempts. This year Avon announced a permanent end to animal testing, becoming the first major U.S cosmetic manufacturer to do so. In only 5 years that Avon worldwide Fund for Women’s Health had raised to $50 million. Mission Statement: * The Global Beauty Leader * The Women’s Choice for Buying * The Best Place to Work * The Largest Women’s Foundation * The Most Admired Company. 5 values of Avon: Trust, Respect

Firing an Employee Free Essays

Week One Assignment Terrence Rice In any situation when it comes to a supervision position it takes face to face communication with the employee. From previous experience I have done all the things described in the assignment. There was an employee named David I had to terminate because of cutbacks in the company. We will write a custom essay sample on Firing an Employee or any similar topic only for you Order Now Here is how I handled that situation; David can you come to my office please? When he arrived I told him, you remember in the staff meeting we discussed how many jobs were going to be cut from the company and it would go by hire date. So your number came up during the time frame so due to company policy I have to give you your pink slip take it to the unemployment office and you can get your unemployment. I also remember when the economy was in good shape and I welcomed David to the company. Jennifer the main secretary presented him to me and I said, Welcome to R R transportation, my name is Terrence Rice and I am your supervisor. David paused as I held my hand out as we shook hands I told him what he was responsible for and how we did things. I personally trained him and released him to be on his own. When they told us the company was selling out to another company I wrote due to the process the company is going through and my disagreement with the process I must submit my two week notice and advise the owners of my resignation effective Oct. 12th, 2002. How to cite Firing an Employee, Essay examples

Constitution free essay sample

This debate ccurred In meeting halls, on streets, and on the printed page. Both sides In the argument had a considerable following. Many of the questions raised remain with us today: What Is the best form of government? What rights must the government protect? Which government powers should be granted to the states, and which to the federal government? The AntlFederalists The Ann-Federallsts found many problems In the Constitution. They argued that the document would give the country an entirely new and untested Instead, they believed that the Federalists had over-stated the current problems of he country. They also maintained that the Framers of the Constitution had met as an elitist group under a veil of secrecy and had violated the provisions of the Articles of Confederation in the means selected for ratification of the Constitution. In making their arguments, the Ann-Federalists often relied on the rhetoric of the Revolutionary War era, which stressed the virtues of local rule and associated centralized power with a tyrannical monarch. We will write a custom essay sample on Constitution or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Thus, the Anti-Federalists frequently claimed that the Constitution represented a step away from the democratic goals of he American Revolution and toward the twin evils of monarchy and aristocracy. The Anti-Federalists feared that the Constitution gave the president too much power and that the proposed Congress would be too aristocratic in nature, with too few representatives for too many people. They also criticized the Constitution for its lack ofa BILL OF RIGHTS of the kind that had been passed in England in 1689 to establish and guarantee certain rights of Parliament and of the English people against the king. Moreover, the Anti-Federalists argued that the Constitution would spell an end o all forms of self-rule in the states.

Outsider Essays - Absurdist Fiction, The Stranger,

Outsider In The Outsider, Albert Camus portrays Meursault, the book's narrator and main character, as detached, and unemotional. He does not think much about events or their consequences, nor does he express much feeling in relationships or during emotional times. He displays an impassiveness throughout the book in his reactions to the people and events described in the book. After his mother's death he sheds no tears; seems to show no emotions. He displays limited feelings for his girlfriend, Marie Cardona, and shows no remorse at all for killing an Arab. His reactions to life and to people distances him from his emotions, positive or negative, and from intimate relationships with others, thus he is called by the book's title, ?The Outsider'. While this behaviour can be seen as a negative trait, there is a young woman who seems to want to have a relationship with Meursault and a neighbour who wants friendship. He seems content to be indifferent, possibly protected from pain by his indifference. Meursault rarely shows any feeling when in situations, which would, for most people, elicit strong emotions. Throughout the vigil, watching over his mother's dead body, and at her funeral, he never cries. He is, further, depicted enjoying a cup of coffee with milk during the vigil, and having a smoke with a caretaker at the nursing home in which his mother died. The following day, after his mother's funeral, he goes to the beach and meets a former colleague named Marie Cardona. They swim, go to a movie, and then spend the night together. Later in their relationship, Marie asks Meursault if he wants to marry her. He responds that it doesn't matter to him, and if she wants to get married, he would agree. She then asks him if he loves her. To that question he responds that he probably doesn't, and explains that marriage really isn't such a serious thing and doesn't require love. This reaction is fairly typical of Meursault as portrayed in the book. He appears to be casual and indifferent about life events. Nothing seems to be very significant to him. Later on in the book, after he kills an Arab, not once does he show any remorse or guilt for what he did. Did he really feel nothing? Camus seems to indicate that Meursault is almost oblivious and totally unruffled and untouched by events and people around him. He is unwilling to lie, during his trial, about killing the Arab. His reluctance to get involved in defending himself results in a verdict of death by guillotine. Had Meursault been engaged in his defence, explaining his actions, he might have been set free. Meursault's unresponsive behaviour, distant from any apparent emotions, is probably reinforced by the despair, which he sees open and feeling individuals experience. He observes, for example, Raymond cheated on and hurt by a girlfriend and sees his other neighbour, Salamano, very depressed when he loses a dear companion, his dog. Meursault's responses are very different, he doesn't get depressed at death nor does he get emotionally involved. He appears to be totally apathetic. Thus, he seems to feel no pain and is protected from life's disappointments. Sometimes a person like Meursault can be appealing to others because he is so non-judgmental and uncritical, probably a result of indifference rather than sympathetic feelings. His limited involvement might attract some people because an end result of his distance is a sort of acceptance of others; thus he is not a threat to their egos. Raymond Sintes, a neighbour, seems to feel comfortable with Meursault. Sintes does not have to justify himself because Meursault doesn't comment on how Sintes makes money or how he chooses to live his life. Even though Meursault shows no strong emotions or deep affection, Marie, his girlfriend, is still attracted and interested in him. She is aware of, possibly even fascinated by, his indifference. It is although Meursault lives in another world in his head, much like an autistic child. Though he doesn't seem to have trouble expressing his thought, he cannot communicate with people so that they understand the way the way he thinks or the way they think. Meursault does not understand the way society is run, it is asthough he does not know the difference between right and wrong, reacting (or even acting) as a mildly retarded person would. Is it then fare to punish a man because of his lack of understanding in how society works? There are countless examples of Meursault's incapability to act as an ?average person' through-out

Medias Influence on North American Women

Medias Influence on North American Women Free Online Research Papers The media appears to be young women’s greatest challenge in North America today. The media displays the â€Å"ideal† woman, and how can any real woman possibly commit to meeting such standards? It is not physical conflict with oneself, but a mental and emotional battle as well. The average American will see 3,000 ads a day and up to three years of commercials, but generally does not feel uninfluenced. With commercials that promote not only products, but images, values, and normalcy, advertising tells who we are and who we should be (Kirk and Okazawa-Rey 123). It is ludicrous for young women in North America to feel inadequate based on images from popular magazines or television commercials. Though the struggle is difficult, it is one of great importance that offers strategies to confront and overcome these challenges. The most significant struggle young women in North America face today is how they are viewed by their society. The media sets impractical ambitions that few women can aspire to; however, beauty ideals are not the only challenge young women face. Sexual orientation and inferiority to men are all limiting factors in young women’s lives. Young women use cultural expectations from advertisements as a model for their lifestyles and this can result in damaging, and sometimes fatal consequences. In a society where many young Americans have unlimited access to the media, how, in their time of development, can young women be expected to ignore magazines that target girls and young women and convince them that in order to be successful in life, they must fit the particular mold society has formed for them? Women of color or disability, women who are heavier or tanner, women who have blemishes and scars are all viewed in our society as less than attractive people. Why? Because the media defines the accepted and always changing representation of beautiful and perfect, women feel as though they must sacrifice their identity to gain acceptance and approval in their culture. Because we are living in a culture that still breeds sexism, racism, and homophobia, the media can easily discourage a great number of young women. Ashmore, Englis, and Solomon tell us that 30% of teens commit suicide on the sole basis of fear of not being accepted by society. If the media is contributing to the loss of young women in North America, then how can we expect society to maintain its broad range of diversity among young individuals? Most young women look to society through media, whether it is for a reaction, to gain approval, or at times, simply because it is so hammered into our minds that acceptance from our society is necessary. Starting at a very young age, television program commercials display ads for Barbie Dolls, and girls in North America immediately bombarded with images showing what women should look like. Recent research has shown that the exposure to the ideal female as presented in advertising directly contributes to body image disturbance among young women (Posavac, Posavac, and Weigel 324). The media, with its emphasis on beauty and thinness as an ideal standard of female attractiveness, has been singled out as the most potent messenger of societal pressures, according to Ashmore, Basil, and Solomon. Young women engage in social comparison unknowingly when viewing models in magazines or watching them on television. After comparing themselves to these media images of ideal female attractiveness, an apparent difference between their actual beauty and the media’s standard of attractiveness is likely to result, leaving our young women feeling inadequate. According to Kirk and Okazawa-Rey, by college age, one in eight women in the United States is bulimic imaging herself to be fatter than she actually is (122). Magazine articles and feature photos that are airbrushed or enhances to show flawless models and actresses set a standard for women to learn to inspect their bodies critically as to fit the mold of what beauty has come to mean in North America. With the growing awareness of sexual orientation, another conflict is introduced to young women in North America. Young women who watch the news on television or read the newspaper learn about hate crimes that still exist in our culture. A fear is placed in these young women who are confused or undecided about their sexual orientation, placing a heavy burden on them. According to Kirk and Okazawa-Rey, thirteen years old is the â€Å"median age when gay and lesbian youth become aware of their feelings of difference† (173). At such a young age, girls are introduced to an uncommonly accepted dilemma, one which is confusing and life-altering. Because of growing debate on homosexuality shown in the media, many young women are unsure of how they will cope as a lesbian or bi-sexual in a world with such opposition to homosexuality. Young American have access to movies such as Lee’s film, Brokeback Mountain which first aired in 2005 or Pierce’s film, Boys Don’t Cry which first aired in 1999. Both are love stories that capture the fear of homosexuals yearning for a relationship that is socially unacceptable and the hate crimes that lead to their ultimate deaths. Though horrific, these films show courageous young men and women whose lives have been stolen from them, solely because of their sexual orientation. These films, though graphic and horrifying, show an inevitable truth that, unless addressed and fought, will continue through generations to come. Young women’s feeling of inferiority when compared to males in North America is an intimidating struggle. Kirk and Okazawa-Rey found that â€Å"gender creates the social difference that defines â€Å"women† and â€Å"man†. In social interactions throughout their lives, individuals learn what is expected, see what’s expected, act and react in expected ways† (25). These expectations are socially influenced and lead young women constantly berating themselves because a male influence, whether it is their partner, their father, or other male controllers in society, offers no equal opportunity and allows no chance or fairness. The media displays men as enforcers. Men are viewed as strong and able, never petite or weak, like the trophy wife displayed next to them. Women are sometimes viewed as unequal in a relationship, forcing them to obey their partner’s requests of them. Young women especially are reduced to sex objects as viewed as in pornograph y. â€Å"There are two jobs women receive a higher pay than men: prostitution and modeling† Kirk and Okazawa-Rey 104). If the media is so apt to put down young women’s ambition and society is so quick to refuse to respect them, how are they supposed to succeed in their societies? No solution will fit to aid the wants and needs of all members in a society. The media is our source of education. It updates and informs Americans. How would we know America’s political standing in Iraq or be informed of an upcoming film in theaters? The media is not just a source of information, it is our main source. The media is a source of entertainment, too. Articles we read in these magazines may be located on the corresponding page of a supermodel, but are humorous and enjoyable. Young Americans watch television shows for entertainment. If a disabled woman is placed on the cover of a magazine, would young women buy the magazines, hoping to aspire to be similar to her? Diversity is hard to come across in advertisement. Are young Americans apt to choose to purchase a magazine with a heavy woman or thin woman on its cover? If a billboard is promoting a health product, the man or woman in the ad must look healthy to convince consumers that the product is worth their money . Market researchers are watching their audience, and beauty magazines such as Cosmopolitan or Vogue attract young readers rather than older men and women who are less apt to buy high fashion magazines. The media is everywhere. It is not a simple task to change it based solely on the insecurities of young women in North America, but perhaps to encourage self-esteem in out young women, we could add successful old and young women who do not fit society’s beauty ideals. The answer to this dilemma is simple: break the cycle. Intrigue young readers with reality. Marilyn Monroe, an icon in North America, wore a size twelve dress. Ellen DeGeneres, a humorous and successful talk-show host, is a lesbian. After finally admitting her sexuality, her first on-air series failed, forcing her to work her way to the top again. Oprah Winfrey, a brilliant talk-show host who does no typically fit the stick model version of inspiring women, is a successful, unmarried, woman of color. With the broad range of entertainment today we see J.K. Rowling, author of Harry Potter series, who fought for the right to read for pleasure and is one of the most successful women in North America. Ali Hewson, though married to international superstar, Bono, is an activist for human rights and global sustainability. Why do we not look to these women as role models? Though young women are, in fact, being influenced by society’s interpretation of beauty, everyday beautiful, inspi ring women are introduced to the media, reassuring these young women that individuality can lead to success. Women such as these motivate younger women in North America to dare to be different and to embrace themselves. The struggles faced by these women are that of dire importance and with more of an assortment of women, who possess the power to change minds in this country, we will see a result of young women accepting themselves, too. Research Papers on Media’s Influence on North American WomenThe Fifth HorsemanAnalysis Of A Cosmetics Advertisement19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductHip-Hop is ArtEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite Religion

Adversity essay

Adversity Essay Adversity helps us to exist, without it we would never know ones true talents. I agree with Horace’s assertion about the role that adversity plays in developing a person’s character. Adversity happens to everyone, from people struggling to hold on, to high protected politicians. When people face adversities ones true character is revealed, adversities demand a reaction, makes you determined to overcome, and you have to survive them. When it comes down to it, adversity demands a reaction. Certain people take the task while others tremble. Quite a lot people of face the struggle of poverty and loss to surface stronger and cleverer for the experience. Where others become the victims of the results, powerless to tell the difference from unfair circumstances to deeper injustices in life. Dr. Martine Flament from Youth Research Unit at The Royal Ottawa Health Care Group said â€Å"People tend to believe that things will go well if you are protected from stress and bad environments. But it’s unlikely this will happen all your life. Everyone will encounter adversity and will develop resiliency. † But eventually, it’s adversity that defines us and what we believe in most. Adversity gets us ready for a lifetime of authorization or persecution in the face of trying circumstances. Adversity makes you stronger and it will always affect you, it always does and that is something which you need to accept. But there is a way to overcome adversity. All you have to do is take the situations you have at hand, understand them, and look at it from different perspectives. Acceptance is the key. The more that you fight against something, the more you will lose. However, even though you have to accept it does not mean that you have to suffer from it. Adversity stays positive, but many people consider is as something negative. It reminds us of human’s ancestry; it reminds us of our vulnerability and mortality as human beings. It reminds us that life is transient; that life is short. It teaches us to live wisely; there is value in suffering and sorrow. The bible says â€Å"It is better to go to a house of mourning than to go to a house of feasting, for death is the destiny of everyone; the living should take this to heart† Which basically means, when we pay a sympathy call or visit the grave we remember our own mortality. Thus, we need to change our dilapidated ways because death is inevitable. There’s no guarantee in life; you don’t always get what you want. But I bet no one ever regrets chasing their dreams and going through hell on the way there cause in the end it’s all worth it. Your body is filled with pride, cause of the advertises you had to overcome. Even though adversities may place heavy worries on our shoulders, adversity is just a complication; all we have to do is overcome them, on our way to find out true discovery.

MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION ERROR Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION ERROR - Essay Example Active errors assume different forms including lapses; this involves failures in memory that prevents the planned actions from being implemented. Slips; this involves performing a familiar action in a wrong away. Mistakes; are refereed to as a trend of reasoning leading to wrong outcome of choices. Latent conditions refer to systemic properties that result to errors. They may include system interfaces and management practices. It is summarized by the descriptions of Don Berwick that â€Å"every system is perfectly designed to achieve exactly the results it gets.† The nature of today’s primary care and frenetic pace of management in care within medical practices have made the probabilities of errors to become great. The Robert Graham Policy Centre has come up with a patient safety model called â€Å"toxic cascades.† It describes how small unnoticed errors can add up to become torrents. Research studies on office-based errors in primary care have been found to be of different categories. It shows that communication problems results into 24% of the errors, 20% are caused by discontinuity of care, 13% are as a result of missing charts, 19% from lab results, 8% are caused by clinical mistake, 8% resulted from prescribing errors, and the other 8% by other errors. The study revealed that medical errors are by and large a result of latent conditions and not active failure as had been believed. The medical infrastructure has become fragile and the risk adverse outcomes has gone low, despite the fact that delayed care, patient dissatisfaction, and worsening illness are still very common concerns in medical practices. Studies on error in health care by the National Patient Safety Foundation (NPSF’s) have led to the conclusion that â€Å"the ambulatory inpatient dichotomy is a false one. We have to think about populations and their continuum of care.† (Brennan, 2000). Turnbull the executive director of NPSF’s has put

Theories of Internationalisation and Relevance in Explaining Global Essay

Theories of Internationalisation and Relevance in Explaining Global Patterns of Foreign Direct Investment - Essay Example In effect, countries can gain profits if they direct their activities to the generation of products and services which are most profitable. This theory relates the situation where a country creates products and services for its people, and for export in terms of surplus. As a result, it is favourable for countries to import the products and services where they also have an economic disadvantage (Morgan and Katsikeas, 1997). The economic advantage and disadvantage may be based on differences in available resources, labour, and technology. The classical theory argues that the foundation of international trade would come from the differences in the qualities of production and available resources which are also based on differences in natural and acquired advantages (Morgan and Katsikeas, 1997). Another theory of internationalisation contrasts with the classical trade theory. The factor proportion theory discusses that countries usually produce the export products and services which supp ort significant production advantages that they have, and they will import the products and services which would need large scores of production factors that may be limited (Hecksher and Ohlin, 1933). This theory supports the idea of economic advantage by evaluating the endowment and costs related to factors of production (Morgan and Katsikeas, 1997). The above theories do not completely explain the current trends in international trade. For one, the rise of technological development and of multinational corporations during the 1960s called for new theories on international trade. At such time, the product life cycle theory relating to international trade was considered a significant basis in explaining trade patterns and MNC expansions (Morgan and Katsikeas, 1997). Such theory... This essay stresses that financial arbitrage is also another opportunity for securing strategic flexibility for FDIs. MNCs can circumvent the restrictions imposed by the host government, mostly those which relate to finance, remittance, and foreign exchange in order to secure and support their new and innovative products. Another opportunity relates to the transfer of information. Flexibility ensures that MNEs can benefit from the act of singling out available opportunities, assessing the world markets to match the involved buyers and sellers and avoiding the barriers to effective trade relations. This paper makes a conclusion that based on the above discussion, the theories of internationalisation like the classical trade theory acknowledges the fact that trade relations and investments are dictated by the needs of investors and of the consumers. Where the need is great and the profit would best be gained, the FDIs would likely be made. The current global trends in investments indicate how the emerging economies have manifested the greatest need and the most profit for investments, for which reason investors have directed their economic activities to these areas. The internationalisation theory generally indicates how the current trends in the economy are gravitating towards more open forms of trade and economic relations. These FDIs are but another manifestation of internationalisation, and these investments would likely find bigger avenues for investment in the years to come.

Alexander Hamilton vs Thomas Jefferson Essay Example for Free

Alexander Hamilton vs Thomas Jefferson Essay Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson had very different political views, which is why our first president, George Washington, had them both in his cabinet. Hamilton was the first Secretary of the Treasury, while Jefferson was the first Secretary of State. These differences begin with who they thought should govern and what type of government was the best. Hamilton thought we should have a strong central government in the interests of commerce and industry, while having the national government in charge. However, Jefferson felt that the people should rule with a decentralized, agrian government in the terms of freedom and the people should rule themselves. They also had conflicting ideas for what economy suited us best, Hamilton believing it to be industrial and Jefferson believing the best was agricultural. Along with those conflicts, they didnt agree with how the constitution was to be interpreted. Hamilton was a loose constructionist, wanting to stick closer to the thought of the central government ruling. Jefferson was a strict constructionist, believing that the constitution was to be followed closely. Lastly, their difference in ideas helped formed political factions. They became two sides, the Federalists and the Antifederalists or Republicans. Alexander Hamiltons side was the Federalists, they stood for the urban mercantile interests of the seaports. Thomas Jeffersons was the Republicans who represented the southern and rural interests. Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson had very different political views, which is why our first president, George Washington, had them both in his cabinet. Hamilton was the first Secretary of the Treasury, while Jefferson was the first Secretary of State. These differences begin with who they thought should govern and what type of government was the best. Hamilton thought we should have a strong central government in the interests of commerce and industry, while having the national government in charge. However, Jefferson felt that the people should rule with a decentralized, agrian government in the terms of freedom  and the people should rule themselves. They also had conflicting ideas for what economy suited us best, Hamilton believing it to be industrial and Jefferson believing the best was agricultural. Along with those conflicts, they didnt agree with how the constitution was to be interpreted. Hamilton was a loose constructionist, wanting to stick closer to the thought of the central government ruling. Jefferson was a strict constructionist, believing that the constitution was to be followed closely. Lastly, their difference in ideas helped formed political factions. They became two sides, the Federalists and the Antifederalists or Republicans. Alexander Hamiltons side was the Federalists, they stood for the urban mercantile interests of the seaports. Thomas Jeffersons was the Republicans who represented the southern and rural interests.

Comparison of Genesis I and Exodus 20 Essay -- essays research papers

The purpose of the creation story is not central to the Bible but serves as a prologue to the historical drama, which are the central concerns of the Bible. The narrative focus in the Bible is on the story that begins with Noah and is centered on the exodus from Egypt. The central event in the Bible is the creation of the covenant and the giving of laws and commandments. Although the creation of the world in Genesis I and the pronouncement of the Ten Commandments in Exodus 20 are two completely different accounts in the Bible, there lies a similar theme between them: God creates an orderly and hierarchical universe, both natural and moral. In Genesis I, God creates an orderly natural universe. He separates and categorizes everything he creates. For instance, he separates the seventh day from all the others. This suggests that everything in the universe has its proper place and will follow its regular path. In addition, the cosmos is purposeful and unified. What is created each day depends upon what was previously created. Those things created on the fourth through sixth days are dependant on those things created on the first through third days. For instance, air, water, birds, and fish are dependant on light, sun, moon, and stars, and land, vegetation, animals, and mankind are dependant among air, water, birds, and fish as well as light, sun, moon and stars. This suggests God created things in the world to fit together in an orderly and hierarchical fashion. Things are creat...

Advertising Objectives Essay

Furthermore, Budweiser’s mission is to pursue a long-term growth strategy by pursuing high consumption markets and attaining a firm market share among competitors. Budweiser has a strong brand name domestically, but for this particular region it will need to implement a penetration strategy. Also, Budweiser will focus on securing valuable distribution channels including pubs and supermarkets. The product positioning strategy reflects competitive pricing and product differentiation. Inherently, the product reflects cultural values of the target country, with attributes such as caffeine and local flavors that represent regional preferences. The brand may potentially increase market share via acquisition of equity investment. Tactical Details Product Various product attributes will be localized to appeal to consumer tastes such as a diet/lighter version beer with caffeine. Offering smaller glass bottles, which align with European consumption volume trends, will differentiate product packaging. The beer base content will be standardized but with local flavors based on market research. Also, based on potential research findings there is a possible product extension for an â€Å"all-natural† beer within the Austrian market. Additionally, products will be available in mini kegs to support the younger market segment behavioral characteristics. Advertising Implementing TV, Radio, Direct mail, Print ads, and Internet will be necessary to keep up with competitive advertising within this region. Messaging will focus on initially creating awareness. Ultimately, message strategies will portray a global brand through localized messaging. Internet advertising will be highly influential for the demographic market segment. Advertising will include viral ads, flash advertisements, and promotional incentives and incorporate sites such as MySpace and blogs (for the younger generation). Furthermore, sponsorship from popular celebrities or musicians for events and products will appeal to the target market. Personal Selling Face to face education via account executives with clubs/pubs will be imperitive to create awareness and motivate front-line distributors. Additionally, face-to-face points of contact in grocery stores and super/hypermarkets will be important in order to impact this a vast portion of purchases. These tasks will be contracted out to a local sales force that understands the culture, industry and competitive environment. Routine follow-ups and frequent interactions will be emphasized in order to maintain strong distributor relationships. Sales Promotion Incentives will be offered to club owners, super markets and so forth that will be based on volume discounts. A sales contest will also be commenced across the club/pub segment and the supermarket segment to increase purchases, emphasize product push through distribution channels and create awareness for caffeinated beer. Sub-brand specific websites will offer promotional incentives as well (BOGO, etc). Sleek, appealing point of purchase displays will be exhibited in supermarkets. Promotional partnerships with record a company, such as free iTunes downloads with purchase will be implemented to appeal to youthful market. Distribution Distribution will primarily focus on clubs/pubs, closely following the Red Bull distribution model and its flourishing success within this region. Distribution will also be emphasized in super and hypermarkets. Price Policy Pricing will remain competitive, but not premium. Also, based on market research, pricing will reflect that of energy drinks. Product differentiation and promotional efforts will not focus on price, but instead aim to increase purchasing through incentives such as volume discounts. Research A partnership with an experienced European market research agency (i. e. EURO, RSCG) will be imperative to monitoring quality perception and target market acceptance. Research will closely examine brand recognition development over time. Data mining from distributors to track trends will also be influential in understanding consumption behaviors. Research will also be needed in evaluating the possibility of launching a more mainstream bud beer. Finally, based upon success within Austria, further research into surrounding countries will be necessary.

The Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Company

The Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Company For decades The Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Company (A&P) had dominated the US food and grocery market. However, with its size had come increasing managerial inefficiencies and an inability to respond to demands of changing market. A very crucial error was made in the 1950’s when A&P failed to follow customers in their move to suburbs. The result, which plagued the supermarket chain into the 1980’s , was a large number of small and inefficient stores serving declining urban neighbourhoods.In 1971, William J Kane took over as chairman and CEO of A&P. This was a time when company sales had leveled off and profits were declining. In an effort to overcome this slide, Kane ordered the conversion of thousands of regular A&P units to â€Å"WEO† supermarkets, which were described as super –duper discount stores. The average WEO store looked much the same as an old A&P and was about the same size (which was rather small and cramped by industry standards).The big difference between WEO’s and company’s conventional units was lower prices on 90% of the merchandise and a reduction in the variety of production offered from an average of items (SKUs) to as few as 8000. Chairman Kane summed up the company’s philosophy regarding this move as a â€Å"Tonnage recovery Program†, which emphasized volume business. He hope to attract many former customers by employing low prices, unfortunately the food costs began to skyrocket about the same time as WEO was instituted . The pressure caused by the price cuts was too much for the company to bear during this period.Therefore, prices were increased and the resulting market response was influential in causing further deterioration of the food giant. In 1973, the retail chain lost its number one market position to Safeway. Jonathan Scott took over Kane’s position in 1975 recognizing that the retail chain had far too many deteriorating s tores in declining urban neighbourhoods. Scott embarked on an ambitious program to close more than 1200 unprofitable locations. Unfortunately, hindsight revealed that was also needed was an entire withdrawal from certain geographic areas to achieve fficiencies of operations. In an effort market position, Scott responded by introducing the ill-fated â€Å"Price & Pride† advertising program. This advertising campaign focused on telling A&P employees and customers that the company had made a rebound and was concentrating on delivering quality products in attractive stores at low prices. It was a spirit – building campaign. Modern Stores with pleasing wide aisles served as a backdrop to the ads. The Price & Pride Campaign was quite successful in luring customers back to A&P.Unfortunately , shoppers expectation were built on the attractive scenes shown in advertisements, and many were disappointed when they returned because most stores had not really been dramatically chang ed . As a consequence, customers again left in substantial numbers to shop at competing stores. During the mid 1970’s , an ambitious program was undertaken to build many new and modern A&P stores and to remodel others. Regrettably , action fell behind plans. For example, in 1977 when 70 new stores were planned only 46 were opened due to an inability to manage the program.Remodeling also fell far behind schedule. The Price and Pride program was finally abandoned in Jan 1978. Even before this occurred, Scott began to look in earnest for new ways to get the slow moving giant moving heading in the right direction again. Once result was that a new promotional theme was adopted: â€Å"You will do better at A&P†. Along with this , three major steps were taken. First , â€Å"action prices† were instituted to pass manufacturers specials directly on to customers in the form of lower prices. Second , Generic products were offered in many stores.These plainly labeled packag es were placed in â€Å"economy cases† . located in special parts of the store. The result was that for some products customers could choose between national brand, A&P private labels and generics. Third, trading stamps were instituted in many areas. Although some of these measures may have been helpful in slowing the retail chain’s decline , they certainly were not sufficient as a long run turnaround solution. In 1979, the diminishing giant fell to the 3rd position in the supermarket industry and showed signs of serious problems .During that year , the Tengelman group , which owns a large supermarket chain in Germany at the time was able to acquire controlling interests in A&P for an attractive price. James Wood was brought in to replace Scott . One of the first moves of James Wood was to stop closing stores . Instead , a number of units were converted in to â€Å"Plus Store† which were â€Å"limited assortment† unit stocking thousands of essential produ cts far less than the 12000 products found in a general supermarket. The stores were also â€Å"no frill† in design.Goods were kept in their cartons , as opposed to being placed on attractive sheleves , and shoppers had to purchase their own paper bags. The emphasis was on offering bare bone services for low prices. However , perhaps because shoppers could not fulfill all of their shopping needs at Plus Stores, and because prices were not really drastically lower than their competitors , the Plus Stores proved unsuccessful as A&P entered the 1980’s. 1. Does it seem that A&P has tended to favour any particular model or models of buyer behavior? What appears to be the degree of success that has resulted? . Evaluate the relevance of understanding consumer behaviour knowledge to developing a marketing plan for A&P .. 3. What additional information about customers would you as a CEO like to have before designing such a plan ? How might such information be acquired ? 4. Trac e the development of A&P operations from 1979 to present – based on library research. 5. Discuss major concepts from Day 1 seminar discussions you see apparent in this case. 6. What is your personal opinion was the one major flaw in the way A&P went about its effort? Support your argument with reasons.

Roberto Clemente essays

Roberto Clemente essays There are no heroes, there are men who achieve deeds of heroic dimension (43). Those words that Gallico said describe what a hero for me is. To achieve deeds of heroic dimension a person need to have qualities of heroic dimension such as self sacrifice, perseverance,and going beyond the normal. Roberto Clemente Walker is the hero that I picked. Clemente was born in Barrio San Anton in Carolina, Puerto Rico in August 18, 1934. He was an African-American Puerto Rican who suffered prejudice but overcame it successfully. He had a very difficult life but he still prevailed as an extraordinary baseball player and as a person. Clemente is a hero with the heroes qualities of self sacrifice, perseverance, and going beyond the One of the most important qualities of a hero is self sacrifice and fortunately my hero has it. Clementes self sacrifice when helping others was outstanding. He even died trying to help others because of an earthquake in Nicaragua in 1972. Clemente decided to go and take them medical supplies, clothing and food even though the weather was extremely bad. His airplane crashed just after take off and Clemente and all the passengers died. Another example of Clementes self sacrifice involves his carrer. No one gets to his level without hard work, and Clemente was not an exception. He practiced so he could be the. He said I want to be remembered as a player who gave all he had to give (4). Another important quality of a hero is perseverance and Clemente had a lot of it.Clemente was an African-American Puerto Rican trying to reach the major leagues. At the time he played, there was a lot of prejudice against African-Americans and even more against Puerto Ricans. Despite that prejudice, Clement ignored all people critics and reach the highest level a ...

IP Networking Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

IP Networking - Lab Report Example Company X headquarters has a total of four directorates and 400 employees. The department includes the executive leadership, research and development, human resources, and sales. Region 1 has customer service and accounting department, Region 2 has marketing and advertising department, while region 3 has inventory, manufacturing, and engineering departments. To accommodate the network growth the company will have to use the VLSM (Variable Length Subnet Mask) which was previously ignored by a consultant. This is after the company realized that all the network addresses are statically generated. This led to a high administration overhead when the networks and locations are added to the network. The company therefore has opted to come up with a standard IP addressing table for the WAN links and their locations. It has also decided to sample the configuration of Cisco for each and every location. Additionally, it will deny the users in Region 2 from accessing the offices of region 3 seri al interface. At the end of the configuration the company will generate a network diagram capturing the whole system. Technical Details IP Addressing Table and WAN links for the Locations ASSIGNED IP NETWORKS IP Network Region Department IP Address VLAN 207.17.5.0/24 Corporate X headquarter Executive Leadership 20 1 Sales 80 1 Human Resources 25 1 Research and Development 275 2 207.17.8.0/24 Region 1 Accounting 20 1 Customer Service 80 1 207.17.9.0/24 Region 2 Advertising 23 1 Marketing 47 1 207.17.10.0/24 Region 3 Manufacturing 25 1 Engineering 78 1 Inventory 22 1 WAN LINKS IP Network Region       WAN Required 207.17.11.0./24 HQ to Region 1       2 HQ to Region 2       2 HQ to Region 3       2 Future expansion       2 Future expansion       2 Future expansion       2 Cisco configurations Here it is assumed that every network interfaces are operational and is ready for consultant’s configuration. The configuration entails the Ethernet configuration , VLAN configurations, the serial ports, routing protocols, and the summarization route from the headquarters’ office to region 1. The section describes how the three regional offices will be connected to the corporate’s headquarter. The corporate will use the following WAN options; synchronous leased line, frame relay, asynchronous dial-up line, and x.25. The WAN encapsulation will comprise of the point-to-point protocol, frame relay, X.25, and HDLC (High Level Data Link Control). The routed protocols will include IP and IPX. Other feature in the system are Dynamic IP routing, IPX routing and Dynamic IP, IPX routes and Static IP, sub-interfaces, and Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. Additionally, the configurations options include the Command line Interface and cisco 805 Fast Step. The table below shows the sample network configuring the three regions and the headquarters to ISP networks. Region No WAN options WAN Encapsulations Routed Protocol Other Features Confi guration Options Headquarters Synchronous Leased Line HDLC IP Dynamic IP routing CLI, Cisco Fast Step Software Region 1 Asynchronous dial up line PPP IP Static IP route Firewall IPCP/PPP CLI, Cisco Fast Step Software Region 2 Synchronous Leased Line PPP IP Static IP route CLI, Cisco Fast Step Software Region 3 Frame Relay Frame Relay IP Firewall, Static IP route, and NAT overload CLI, Cisco Fast Step Software Before configuring, the following steps will be done: the network administrators from the headquar

Eating Behaviour and Dietary Quality in College Students Thesis

Eating Behaviour and Dietary Quality in College Students - Thesis Example Eating competence explains how normal people eat. It is descriptive in that sense and rigid only for that group who are not comfortable with their current eating or who are concerned about their diet and health, and seek to make a dietary transformation from distorted eating to competent eating (Satter, 2007). Distorted eating mainly arises from disordered eating that involves disturbed eating as well as unhealthy eating patterns. Such kinds of eating include eating habits such as restrictive eating, skipping meals, or even compulsive eating (Heartherton, Nichols & Mahamedi, Keel, 1995). Weight Watchers, which a lot of people hype as the finest of the diet centers because of its dependence on real, unmarked food as well as flexible menu options, does not help people in understanding and knowing about the inner competence on eating. This comes down to the issue of trust against control, according to the nutritionist Ellyn Satter, who takes care of â€Å"dieting casualties† in her practice. She reckons that people require learning to believe that they will get filled, even on food they think as highly desirable, and recognize that they can reliably control their own food intake, instead of depending on exterior rules to control those choices. â€Å"Weight Watchers is good at easing up food choices, teaching people how to eat carefully, and encouraging them to add to the diversity of food in their diet,† states Satter. â€Å"But it is still essentially a control stance they apply† (Satter, 2007, p. 56). When people rely on exterior ruleranges, and diet cops to control their eating, their association to food remains delicate. There are four factors that make up eating competence. One such factor is having a good attitude towards food and eating. This involves enjoying the food and not feeling guilty about the food or the enjoyment.  The increase of disordered eating has persisted in relation to behaviours and attitudes expressed at an early age. Studies of youthful girls disclose that a range of emotional and physical risk factors forecast later disordered eating. They include high levels of adverse emotionality, body discontent, and early age of menarche. In addition to emotional and physical factors, it has been advocated that certain situations or cultural climates intensify the risk of eating disorders, mainly in individuals who display the aforesaid risk factors. Some investigators have recognized college as an environmental risk aspect for eating disorder.  

Guanxi and Ethical Judgement Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Guanxi and Ethical Judgement - Research Paper Example Problem Statement: The study focused on the determination of the impact of the use guanxi concept in the Chinese organizational managements and the effects on the ethical standards and judgement of the organization. Approach: The research has been a secondary source based research and obtained its materials and understanding from the earlier researches conducted on the concerned topic. Results: It has been obtained from the study that the concept of guanxi has an extreme significance in the management of organizations, particularly with respect to the Chinese organizations. Conclusion: Although there are certain negative aspects of following the concept of guanxi, yet from the study it has been concluded that the concept is an essential factor for the Chinese organizations that have records of success stories from using the guanxi concept and maintaining enhanced interpersonal relationships. Discussion: The study reflected that if the misuse of the concept can be controlled, then the concept would prove to be an efficient and successful one not only for the Chinese organizations but for every other organization. If the world of business is considered, it can be realized that different decisions are taken within the managements that involve the relations that are prevailing among the organizational members. By Guanxi, it is referred to a unique form of relationship that involves reliance, favour, dependence and adjustment between the individuals thus enabling efficient decision making processes that are based on internal relationships. Theorists have speculated and mentioned that this could be used as an instrument for marketing as well since it is involves decisions related to the performance of marketing and the business as a whole. However, there are other theorists who focused on different views and reflected that guanxi if followed at a personal level might lead to unethical behaviour (Chan, Cheng & Szeto, 2002, p.327). Guanxi believed to be capable of leading organizational members to unethical practices; there are severe concerns for the ethical considerations for the business practice s in the Western countries. However, when China is considered for research, it has been observed that the Chinese organizations consider guanxi as an ethical practice (Chan, Cheng & Szeto, 2002, pp.327-328). Guanxi in China is recognized as a major activity in its world of business as well as the society. Guanxi had been realized and introduced in the management policies of Chinese organizations intending to cope with the ever-changing business environment. Although the concept of guanxi has not been clear with respect to China, yet, the process is considered as a realistic way of bringing accord between the different organizational members (Wong, Wong & Wong, 2010, pp.2142-2143). The current research focuses on the practice of guanxi and its relation to ethical judgement in the context of Chinese management behaviour. Literature Review and Propositions Development: Several studies have been conducted on the business ethics practice in Chinese organizations and the use of guanxi in the management policies among the Chinese organizational members. Other researchers who had conducted studies on the business ethics in China focused on how the practice of ethics developed in the country. Earlier the concept of ethics did not have any practical implication. However, their studies imply that ethical practice has now developed to a great extent and it is a part of the organizational management in the Chinese business world. Al-Khatib, Vollmers and Liu however mentioned that there has been a huge decline in the moral standards of the

Principles and Practices of Leadership and Management Essay

Principles and Practices of Leadership and Management - Essay Example Other cultures seek a more sensitive leader with empathetic and charismatic personalities and strategies. Not just related to cultural dynamics, I must understand the state of employees (as well as myself) if I am go build trust and confidence in my decision-making processes. This is why I felt to discuss my strength as a leader in relation to cultural sensitivity and awareness. I understand that most organizations have diverse populations of workers that hail from different ethnic, regional and just general lifestyle cultures. All of these individuals have differing beliefs, values and attitudes that must somehow find harmony when working with others in group settings. Fairholm (2009) describes the transformational leadership model, one in which a shared vision and mission must be established, where the leader role models desired behaviours, and also opens effective lines of communication. In order to provide any meaningful feedback or direction, others have to trust in my judgment. As a transformational leader, I must get the whole organisation on board with a singular vision. Having an understanding of the foundational concepts of long-term orientation, individualism, collectivism, and other important characteristics of diverse employees is highly valuable in understanding how to approach certain cultures. In a collectivist organisation, which is the goal of the transformational leadership model, people appreciate and find personal identity through group membership and social belonging (Hofstede, Hofstede and Minkov 2010; Hofstede and Hofstede 2005; Hofstede 2001). I realise it will be necessary for this type of culture to focus on group rewards, establishing collective rewards, and also promoting better socialisation among tacit and explicit knowledge holders. Understanding both the emotional states of others and their cultural values will assist in develop cohesive vision direction and promoting better work group outcomes. Whilst also providing strengths, I must be critical of my weaknesses. One of these is an inherent ethnocentrism, a belief in the superiority of my own cultural values. Even though I understand the needs of others, I am sometimes frustrated when what I view as over inter-dependency occurs between organisational members. I do not personally have much of a need for the social condition and belonging within the organisation since I trust in my own competencies and maintain very positive self-esteem. I have reached the self-actualisation stage of development, one that is highly motivated to succeed and do not require the affiliation nearly as strongly as others. Now, achievement is considered a significant strength in leadership. An achievement-minded leader gets intrinsic self-satisfaction from excellence in a task and reaching a standard of excellence (Kirkpatrick and Locke 1991). However, this over-confidence in my own abilities sometimes translates into frustration or disappointment for those who have not yet achiev ed the type of confidence that I have earned through experience. This is apparent in my body language, if not my words. It is something I must work on: finding balance between ethnocentrism, self-confidence and finding empathy for others that require more social approvals to build their self-esteem. A quality-focused leader must appeal to the needs of employees by first motivating and then inspiring followers (Kotter 2001). I have another strength which is excellent communication skills,

Down Syndrome Children Interaction with Family and Peers

Down Syndrome Children Interaction with Family and Peers Down Syndrome Children Interaction with Family and Peers: Group Literature Review. Manissha Kaur Nicole Li Xian Nirmaljit Kaur Shakila Binti Shamsudin Down syndrome is the most frequently identified genetic form of mental retardation (Sherman, Allen, Bean Freeman, 2007). It is the prominent root of medical conditions and specific birth defects (Sherman, et al., 2007). It is caused by the malsegragation of the chromosome 21, where there is a third copy of the chromosome (Sherman, et al., 2007). Down syndrome cannot be cured, but it can be diagnosed at an early stage itself; during pregnancy. There are several ways of identifying Down syndrome, which usually can be identified by the child’s physical features and intellectual disabilities. Many early intervention programs, treatments and facilities have been provided for the families and caretakers to help them with the child with a down syndrome. People with Down syndrome have physical features that can be identified. The physical features that are normally notified are the flat nose, the folds in the corners of their upwardly slanting eyes, and the small mouth with a flat roof that makes the tongue stick out somewhat (Barlow Durand, 2012). Down syndrome does not have specific psychological problems but they are still susceptible to having mental health and behavioural issues. In a research done, it was shown that they are prone to problems like depression, anxiety and obsessions (Spendelow, 2011). Apart from psychological and cognitive issues, Down syndrome is also vulnerable to many medical issues, like heart disease and dementia (Zigman Lott as cited in Spendelow, 2011). In this paper, we will be looking at the interactions of the family and peers with the down syndrome children. According to Fogel,; Greenspan; Harris, Kasari, Sigman; Marfo, Cynthia, Dedrick, Barbour; Marcheschi, Millepiedi, Bargagna; Pino; Sander; Sroufe; Venuti, de Falco, Giusti, Bornstein, as cited in Falco, Venuti, Esposito, Bornstein (2009) parent’s association is as crucial to the early improvement of children with extraordinary needs as it is for youngsters experiencing ordinary advancement. As in our perspective, parents are suggested as the majority of the obligations regarding their children to develop mentally. It is exceptionally essential for a child to figure out how to correspond with others, as it is one of the principle methodologies to trade feeling and sentiments. A common youngster may postulate on how to confer as it creates a more established interaction rather than a futile Down syndrome youngster. Concerning this, parents should take more activity to allow them to figure out how to express and impart their insights. According to Bornstein, Putnik, et al.; Martin, Clements, Crnic; Weinberg Tronickas, as cited in Falco et al., (2009) down syndrome kids expresses emotions through their voices, activities whereby folks are able to enamour their young people, guide and maintain adolescent attention, and build the state of mind of expectable dyadic companionship. According to Falco et al., (2009) the study designed on 44 parents–child dyads, 22 children were first conducted with 10 minutes of video as the observations of mental developments of their children. After that, the children were given age-appropriate toys, the parents (mother-child and father-child) were asked to play along with them by using those toys, and their emotional evaluation was recorded and analysed by the video observations. The parents were asked to play individually and together later on, to investigate the gender differences, which focus on emotional evaluation to the Down syndrome children. The results show that during the chronological age of the child, the responsiveness and involvement showed positive effect on the father side rather than the mothers. As such, it may be the case that discerning the uncommon child rearing requirements of their youngsters. Fathers tailor their association style considering their children passionate trades. The moderate level of strength confirms that the child emotional availability, which is additionally identified with singular parental intuitive style, that is most likely due to the historical backdrop of the parental-child relationship. Children with Down syndrome in the study landed at a sufficient level in responsiveness, which showed that they were generally positive and enthusiastically receptive. This does not include their childhood where they demonstrated less clear happiness or adaptation of a situation with more response than being anticipated ideally Biringen et al., (1998). Dyads were similarly conveyed over bunches for the both mother and father relationship with their children. Dealing with Down syndrome children may need extra understanding and extra efforts to bring out their emotional expression as Down syndrome children may not indicate interest by their facial expressions, however they keep their feelings or interest to themselves (Falco et al., 2009), we must handle our children with care especially if they are mentally challenged. It is an undeniable fact that the development of language involves the negotiation between two individuals. Down syndrome individuals are also bound to have difficulties in communicating with typical individuals. Parents play a significant role in early intervention of Down syndrome individual. According to a research that was done, both fathers and mothers display different levels of interactions among typical children and Down syndrome children. Graham and Scudder (2007) have stated that the development of both verbal communication and sign language in Down syndrome children highly depends on both the parents of the child. Both Graham and Schudder have videotaped the interactions of a father and mother with their twins where one child is a Down syndrome, and the other a typical child. The mother of the twins chose to be videotaped when she took the twins out for a walk alone and the mother with both the children reading books. The father on the other hands chose to be videotaped when he bathed the twins one at a time and when he played chase-and-tickle with the twins. As a result, both twins had almost three times more vocalizations when interacting with their mother. The twins were more vocal with their mother when they were with her alone, but were more vocal to their father when they were together. It has also been noted that the mother used more sign language towards the Down syndrome child and more verbal interactions with the typical child. In contrast, the father did not show sign language but used verbal interactions with both the children. The factors that were taken into consideration is the surrounding situation in the house as the mother would not have free time to spend with the Down Syndrome child as she has seven children to look after. The parents would also have been more cautious about their behaviour as they were conscious that they were being videotaped. As a conclusion, this study has showed that both parents play significant roles in the development of the child’s language. Apart from what is explained above, the other part of a family that plays an equal vital role in the life of a person even a Down syndrome child are siblings. Based on the research by Rampton, Rosemann, Aimee, Latta, Mandleco, Roper Dyches (2007) siblings of children that are down syndrome preferred to take photographs of CWDS(children with down syndrome) simply because some of them implied that they could now identify and understand people who had disabilities. The siblings also mentioned during the experiment that they like their sibling, which has disability and that some they makes them a better person. Even though the central focus of this research was on the siblings of children with Down syndrome, this positive affection, love and care does affects the child that has Down syndrome as they too have feelings and are as human as a typically develop child. This clearly shows that siblings are important in the life of a Down syndrome child. The age group difference brings another aspect to the research as age differences delivers different results. Saying this, based on Rampton etc. (2007), siblings at the age of 7-9 years old are more involved in the success and triumph of themselves as they are in the industry vs inferiority stage as seen in Erikson’s theory. They tend to take more photos of themselves rather than the CWDS. In contrast, siblings at the age of 13-15 years old are more engaged with the CWDS as they tend be more likely to provide attention and concern towards CWDS than the younger children as the older sibling have greater than before obligation to be concerned for their siblings. One can come up to the assumption that siblings do play an importance on the life of a Down syndrome child as the siblings to express care and love towards their siblings that has a disability. The other interaction that plays yet another significant role in Down syndrome children lives are peers. Peers, as we are aware off, play an equal important role whether in a typically functioning child or a child with disability. Based on the research conducted by Guralnick, Connor Johnson (2009), the social contacts with peers for children that are Down syndrome is comparatively rare. Only a lesser amount of children are capable to form real camaraderie and the large amount of children tend to fall back alone and into aloneness which leads them to make a choice to play unaccompanied rather with peers. Postulating from the above content, one may tend to assume that a Down syndrome child might face challenges to interact with a peer Guralnick, Connor Johnson (2009). On the contrary, according to Iarocci, Yager, Rombough McLaughlin (n.d) Down syndrome children have been, portrayed as friendly with their peers, well behaved in societal condition and relatively energetic in fitting t ogether in a peer group. In conclusion, children who have Down syndrome have limited form of communication as compared to a child who performs normally and having said that, children are still able to interact with their families even given at a minimal scale. It is difficult for them to go out to the society, as they might be bullied or worst still they are unable to voice out or defend as their physical movements too are challenged. Families of Down syndrome children are urged to always keep an eye on their children like a shadow. It is important for parents to know their whereabouts and have a close relationship with them to enable good rapport. There is no cure for Down syndrome and more research ought to be conducted on how to bring more new and effective insights for Down syndrome children, which may prove to be more helpful. References Barlow, D. H. and Durand, V. M. (2012). Abnormal Psychology An Integrative Approach (6th ed.). USA. Wadsworth CENGAGE Learning. Falco,S.D., Venuti,P., Esposito,G., Bornstein,M.H. (2009). Mother–child and father–child emotional availability in families of children with down syndrome. Parenting: Science And Practice, 9,198-215. doi:10.1080/15295190902844381 Graham, T. K., Scudder, R. R. (2007). Parent interactions with twins who are developmentally different: A case study.Communication Disorders Quarterly,28(2), 107-115. Retrieved March 11, 2014 from http://web.b.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.snhu.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/[emailprotected]vid=5hid=114 Guralnick, M, J., Connor, R, T., Johnson, L, C. (2009). Home-based peer social networks of young children with down syndrome: a developmental perspective. Am J Intellect Dev Disabil, 114(5) 340-355. Iarocci, G., Yager, J., Rombough, A., McLaughlin, J. (n.d). The development of social competence among persons with down syndrome across the lifespan: from survival to social inclusion. Retrieved March 10, 2014 from http://autismlab.psyc.sfu.ca/sites/default/files/documents/iarocci_etal_2008_social_competence.pdf Rampton, T,B., Rosemann, J, L., Latta, A, L., Mandleco, B, L., Roper, S, O., Dyches, T, T. (2007). Images in life: Siblings of children with down syndrome. Journal of Family Nursing, 13(4), 420-442. doi:10.1177/1074840707308580 Sherman, S. L., Allen, E. G., Bean, L. H. and Freeman, S. B. (2007). Epidemiology of Down syndrome. Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews, 13,221–227. doi:10.1002/mrdd.20157 Spendelow, J. S. (2011). Assessment of mental health problems in people with Down syndrome: key considerations. British Journal of Learning Disabilities, 39, 306–313. doi:10.1111/j.1468-3156.2010.00670.x

Janes Psychological Problems in Charlotte Gilman’s The Yellow Wallpape

Jane's Psychological Problems in Charlotte Gilman’s "The Yellow Wallpaper" In Charlotte Gilman’s short story "The Yellow Wallpaper," Jane, the main character, is a good example of Sigmund Freud’s Studies In Hysteria. Jane suffers from symptoms such as story making and daydreaming. Jane has a nervous weakness throughout the story. Jane is a victim of a nervous disorder of the brain called hysteria. She is aware that she suffers from a series of mental and physical disturbances. She says that she has a " temporary nervous depression: -- a slight hysterical tendency- what is one to do?"(2). According to Freud hysteria is a nervous disorder that causes violent fits of laughter, crying, and imagination. It is a lack of self-control. Jane experiences some of these symptoms. Her imagination takes over her personality a number of times. There are three instances where her creative imagination literally takes over her personality. The first is when she is describing to the reader the so-called nursery. The second instance is her way of talking about "The Yellow Wallpaper." The third is the remarkable ending, where she seems to lose herself in her rebellion against her husband John. Jane’s "nervous weakness" comes over her several times throughout the story, and in the context of Freud’s analysis of hysteria I will distinguish her problems (10). One problem is that Jane describes to the reader the so-called nursery, but she is actually talking about her bedroom with the barred windows. Jane states, "The windows are barred for little children, and there are rings and things in the walls"(4). I think that she imagined that the rings were a game of some sort for the children that would play in the nursery. In reality, the pu... ...kept on creeping just the same, but I looked him over my shoulder"(20). This goes to show that "the woman that creeps" was Jane all along. At the end of the story, she completely releases herself in her rebellion against John. She says, "I’ve got out at last," said I, "in spite of you and Jane. And I’ve pulled off most of the paper, so you can’t put me back"(20). Jane talks in the third person because of the result of her nervous weakness. From her imagination of the so-called nursery, "the woman," the yellow wallpaper and talking in the third person it is clear that she has serious psychological problems. Works Cited Breuer, Joseph and Sigmund Freud. Studies In Hysteria. Boston: Nervous and Mental Disease Publishing, 1950. Gilman, Charlotte. "The Yellow Wallpaper" and Selected Stories. "The Yellow Wallpaper." 1892. New York: Doubleday Dell, 1989. 1-20.

A long walk home Essay

The whipping wind tossed and hurled the icy rain in countless directions, saturating the now shiny country cliffs. The tall huddles of trees were disrobed; leaving them exposed and stripped of their summer coats. Rays from the sun, were banished by the copious clouds that filled the once blue skies, and the raging storm antagonised the ocean until its fury could be heard from afar. Emerging from the evergreen woods, clinging vehemently to his school bag and protective coat, stood a young, well-mannered lad. This lad went by the name of Jack. Jack was a sprightly, yet gracious boy, tall, lean and of medium build, his skin was fresh and his eyes sparkled with a loveable mischief, which would captivate and sway any mother. Jack walked steadily against the elements, homeward bound. The wind bit at his flesh, like an adder bites its victims. He tugged at his hood, hiding himself from the driving unforgiving wind. And it was for this reason, this reason alone that Jack decided to take the short cut through the steep, sheltered cliffs. Read more:  Heavy School Bags Essay As the day closed in, Jack became ill at ease with his own redirected route. Oh! He had climbed the cliffs before, but never in these weather conditions, and certainly not this late in the evening, he knew oh so well, that if he didn’t make haste, the night would close before he reached the top. As luck would have it, the weather abated, the rain had eased to a mere drizzle, the wind to a light breeze. And so he made his way carefully and cautiously up the steep winding cliffs. He was nearing the top, when he suddenly realised he had taken a wrong turn, the path, such as it was, had petered out, leaving a very tricky way forward indeed; across slippery rocks and shingle; with a sheer drop either side. But, if he were to turn back now, it would be hours before he reached his destination; his parents would be gripped in the throws of panic. So, resolute and unrelenting, Jack continued along his arduous mission, until he reached a point from where he could no longer proceed, retreat offered no solution. Jacks dilemma seemed mountainous; there seemed no easy exit. The day’s light was diminishing rapidly. Jacks panic gripped him tightly; he needed to reach the top before the light faded. He scrutinized his location, scanning for any signs of help. Just then, a voice, a sweet friendly voice belonging to a girl, filled the air. â€Å"Are you alright there? You look as if you are in a bit of a pickle, would you like a hand?† Jacks anguished eyes searched for the source of these utterances, he saw nothing. Did his ears deceive him? Was it the wind playing tricks on him? â€Å"Hey! Don’t look so shocked and worried,† Came the sweet voice once more. â€Å"Who is that?† Spluttered Jack nervously, â€Å"where are you hiding?† â€Å"I’m here silly.† And there, in front of Jack, true enough, stood a girl about the age of himself, her wavy, blonde hair flowed to her waist, she was waif like, pale in complexion, slightly gaunt, but her piercing blue eyes sent out a radiation of warmth. She walked sure-footedly across the rocks towards Jack. † Follow me, I’ll show you the way,† whispered the girl, † that is, if you want to?† The girl offered her hand to Jack, Jack hesitated, she seemed friendly enough, but he really didn’t know her. â€Å"Honestly!† giggled the girl. † I wont bite you.† With that, they exchanged smiles, held hands and continued on their way, the girl obviously knowing the cliffs well, so assured did she place her feet. As they neared the top of the cliff, the boy asked. â€Å"Do you ever get scared, in case you fall?† â€Å"Oh no!† said the girl, â€Å"I fell once, I will never let that happen again†. â€Å"Were you hurt when you fell?† queried Jack sincerely. † It could have been very serious.† † What happened?† The girl sighed deeply, â€Å"I too got lost once. If it weren’t for this stranger, I surly would have died. He offered his helpful hand to me, but as I reached out, I lost my footing and slipped, I ending up clinging to the edge of the cliff.† † That must have been so scary!† exclaimed Jack. † It was, but scarier than that, was the fact that the stranger disappeared right after rescuing me.† † How odd! Maybe he was a ghost,† chuckled Jack. â€Å"Ghost? I don’t believe in ghosts,† said the girl, plainly amused by Jacks comments. † Neither do I,† said Jack defensively, in an attempt to mask his fears. Embarrassed at this, Jack thanked the girl profusely, bid her farewell, and continued his journey home. â€Å"Ghosts!† said the girl as she watched him leave. â€Å"What a peculiar notion.† Most close-knit neighbourhoods have strange ghost stories, as it happened, this community was not unusual in that fact. As this urban- legend would have it, the cliffs were inhabited by a ghost, a ghost who lead people to their deaths, an offering of a helping hand soon saw those who trusted it, plunged fatally off the treacherous cliffs. Was this just a legend to stop foolish children climbing the cliffs and hurting themselves? Or, was it something, far more supernatural? What do you think? Jack never saw the girl ever again.

Collegative properties Essay

A detailed explanation, one paragraph or more in your own words, of the colligative property being discussed and why that property changes the way that it does when the amount of solute is increased. A detailed description, at least one paragraph, of a real-world application of the colligative property, including an explanation of how this application of the colligative property is important or useful to those affected. The real-world example must be one that was not mentioned in the lesson. An introduction and conclusion that is appropriate for the audience and for the content of the article. At least three resources (web sites, articles, etc.) that you used to write the article. Colligative properties can be confusing, but all you really need to remember is that the more solute in a solution the lower the boiling point. The more solute in a solution, the higher the boiling point. A colligative property of a solution or solvent varies depending on the amount of solute particles in it, though it doesn’t matter the kind of solute. The more solute the more colligative property of the solvent. Also, its boiling point changes. The more solute, the higher the boiling point. Less solute causes a lower boiling point. Antifreeze lowers the freezing point of an H2o based solution.Antifreeze is commonly used for airplane wings, cooling systems, and defrosting things. Antifreeze can be used to achieve high boiling points and also lower boiling points. Antifreeze keeps things from boiling and freezing all at once. It keeps things around atmospheric temperature. The amount of solute decreases the boiling point. The pressure keeps the atmospheric temperature lower than the pressure with the solute. Antifreeze used in heating and cooling systems is a solution of water and ethylene glycol has a lower freezing point than pure water or pure ethylene glycol. Antifreeze is a good example of the colligative property, except its special because it keeps from boiling or freezing. Read more: http://www.chemistryexplained.com/Ce-Co/Colligative-Properties.html#ixzz2gOJ05F9U http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antifreeze#Measuring_the_freeze_point http://library.thinkquest.org/C006669/data/Chem/colligative/antifreeze.html http://www.chemistryexplained.com/Ce-Co/Colligative-Properties.html